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Books > Earth & environment > The environment > Waste management
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The Activated Sludge Process - Methods and Recent Developments (Paperback)
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The Activated Sludge Process - Methods and Recent Developments (Paperback)
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In this collection, the authors report on the pretreatment methods
for waste activated sludge based on pulsed electric field and
corona discharge techniques. The effects of pulse magnitude,
frequency, temperature and pretreatment time are demonstrated on
the basis of cell membrane electroporation. The influence of
voltage polarity, frequency, magnitude, treating time and
temperature has also been demonstrated. A description of
fundamental techniques in molecular biology for the analysis of the
microbiota of activated sludge is provided. Activated sludge is a
heterogeneous system of organisms, organic and inorganic material,
and therefore giving a specific protocol for each molecular
technique would be imprudent. The authors go on to discuss the
Monod model, which provides a functional relationship between
specific growth rate and substrate concentration in the bulk.
Important research efforts dedicated to adequate use of the Monod
model are presented, consolidating knowledge from activated sludge
and biofilm modelling, identifying misdirections, and setting
parameters for further research. In one study, different microwave
power outputs and times were optimised for sludge solubilisation
without evaporation loss in waste activated sludge from two
different sources. The variable effects of pre-treatments on
extracellular polymeric substances fraction, cellular oxidative
stress and solubilisation of both sludges were evaluated to
understand the impact of sludge complexity. The penultimate chapter
examines how toxic carbon sources can cause higher residual
effluent dissolved organic carbon than easily biodegraded carbon
sources in the activated sludge process. Based on the variations of
chemical components of activated sludge, mainly intracellular
storage materials, extracellular polymeric substances and soluble
microbial products, the performance and mechanism of toxic carbon
on the activated sludge process can be clarified. The purpose of
the final study is to research the supplementation of different
concentrations of substrate on the degradation rate of xenobiotics,
and to determine the optimal concentrations of auxiliary substrates
that are most beneficial. The results show that sugar and peptone
can affect 2,4-D degradation rate by several different degrees at
different concentrations.
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