Offers a new interpretation of Butler's theology and suggests that
exploration of his methods may contribute to modern thinking about
ethics, language, the Church as well as religion and science.
Joseph Butler [1692-1752] is perhaps Britain's most powerful and
original moral philosopher. He exercised a profound influence over
the contemporary Protestant Churches, the English moralists and the
Scottish philosophical schoolbut his theory of the "affections",
grounded in Newtonian metaphysics and presenting an account of
human psychology, also set the terms of engagement with questions
of education, slavery, missions and even labour relations. Inthe
nineteenth-century English-speaking world he was an authority of
first resort for Evangelicals, Tractarians, philosophers,
scientists, psychologists, economists, sociologists, lawyers and
educationalists alike. He remains a key reference point for modern
American and British philosophers, from Broad to Rawls and beyond.
Many analyses of Butler, however, have been distorted by
aggressively secular readings. This book is based on a
comprehensive reassessment of his published work and the surviving
manuscripts and archival materials. These are set within an account
of his spiritual and intellectual development and his ministerial
vocation, from the protracted and painful process of conforming to
the Church of England to his initial observations on a social
philosophy. Demonstrating that even The Analogy originated in
liturgical preaching, this book offers a refreshed and detailed
account of Butler's key terms - conscience, consciousness,
identity, affections, charity, analogy, probability, tendency - and
suggests that exploration of his methods may contribute to modern
thinking about ethics, language, the role of the Church, and the
religion and science debates. BOB TENNANT taught English Literature
at the University of Sussex, spent many years as a senior manager
in adult education, and was a trade union and political activist
serving leading organisations at local, regional and national
levels. He has written on political, economic and trade union
matters for many newspapers and periodicals and is a founder of The
British Pulpit Online, seeking to create an online catalogue and
database of all printed British sermons from 1660 to 1901.
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