Around the world, established parties are weakening, and new
parties are failing to take root. In many cases, outsiders have
risen and filled the void, posing a threat to democracy. Why do
most new parties fail? Under what conditions do they survive and
become long-term electoral fixtures? Brandon Van Dyck investigates
these questions in the context of the contemporary Latin American
left. He argues that stable parties are not an outgrowth of
democracy. On the contrary, contemporary democracy impedes
successful party building. To construct a durable party, elites
must invest time and labor, and they must share power with
activists. Because today's elites have access to party substitutes
like mass media, they can win votes without making such sacrifices
in time, labor, and autonomy. Only under conditions of soft
authoritarianism do office-seeking elites have a strong electoral
incentive to invest in party building. Van Dyck illustrates this
argument through a comparative analysis of four new left parties in
Latin America: two that collapsed and two that survived.
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