In light of a changing regulatory and legislative environment,
concern has arisen regarding the future prospects for ethanol as a
motor fuel. Ethanol is produced from biomass (mainly corn) and is
mixed with gasoline to produce cleaner-burning fuel called
"gasohol" or "E10." The market for fuel ethanol, which consumes 10
% of the nation's corn crop, is heavily dependent on federal
subsidies and regulations. A major impetus to the use of fuel
ethanol has been the exemption that it receives from the motor
fuels excise tax. Ethanol is expensive relative to gasoline, but it
is subject to a federal tax exemption of 5.2 cents per gallon of
gasohol (or 52 cents per gallon of pure ethanol). This exemption
brings the cost of pure ethanol, which is higher than that of
conventional gasoline and other oxygenates, within reach of the
cost of competitive substances. In addition, there are other
incentives such as a small ethanol producers tax credit. It has
been argued that the fuel ethanol industry could scarcely survive
without these incentives. The Clean Air Act requires that ethanol
or another oxygenate be mixed with gasoline in areas with excessive
carbon monoxide or ozone pollution. The resulting fuels are called
...
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