The literature on asset accumulation by households draws a sharp
distinction between "short-run" precautionary motives to buffer
annual consumption from annual labor income shocks, and "long-run"
life cycle considerations under labor income certainty. However,
empirical estimates of the persistence of shocks to annual incomes
imply that households are subject to considerable career
uncertainty. We study long-run precautionary motives for life-cycle
wealth accumulation and portfolio choice. We compute optimal
portfolios under three sources of uncertainty (stock returns,
incomes, and lifespan), and explore the separate contributions of
several key factors for mean and median asset holdings, including
education, risk aversion, household heterogeneity, utility from
bequests, time preference, and variance and serial correlation of
income shocks. Numerical solutions for households in three
education groups are compared with data from the most recent and
comprehensive source, the 1992 Survey of Consumer Finances.
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