The purpose of this document is to consolidate the diverse
literature and opinions on genetics in the workplace, to flag
important issues, and to provide some considerations for current
and future research and practice. Recent advances in understanding
the human genome have created opportunities for disease prevention
and treatment. Even though the focus of attention on applications
of genetic discoveries has been largely outside of the workplace,
genetic information and genetic testing are impacting today's
workplace. The issues related to genetic information and genetic
testing in the workplace have the potential to affect every worker
in the United States. This NIOSH document provides a discussion on
the benefits, limitations, and risks of genetic information and
genetic tests. Anecdotal evidence already exists of employers
inappropriately using genetics tests. Although genetic technology
is becoming widely available, a serious knowledge gap on the part
of consumers of this technology is a concern. Basic information on
genetics, genetic research, genetic testing, genetic information,
informed consent, privacy, confidentiality, technological advances
based on genetics, notification, data management, and
discrimination need to be discussed. The passage of the Genetic
Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 has abated some concerns
about the misuse of genetic information. This NIOSH document
provides information on these issues to help the reader be made
more aware of the multitude of scientific, legal, and ethical
issues with regard to the use of genetics in occupational safety
and health research and practice. This document has been written to
appeal to both targeted and broad audiences. Occupational safety
and health professionals and practitioners interested in the use of
genetic information in the workplace will be most informed by the
chapters on the role of genetic information in the workplace,
health records, genetic monitoring, genetic screening, and the
ethical, social, and legal implications of this information.
Academics and researchers will be especially interested in the
chapter on incorporating genetics into occupational health
research. Employers, workers, and other lay readers will likely
find the chapters on health records and ethical, social, and legal
implications of genetic information in the workplace provide the
most information. Regardless of specific reader interest levels,
the goal of this document is to draw attention to the many gaps in
knowledge about the use of genetic information and to stimulate
dialogue on its use in the workplace.
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