The purpose of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
(Public Law 91-596) is to assure safe and healthful working
conditions for every working person and to preserve our human
resources. In this Act, the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) is charged with recommending occupational
safety and health standards and describing exposures that are safe
for various periods of employment, including (but not limited to)
the exposures at which no worker will suffer diminished health,
functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his or her
work experience. Current Intelligence Bulletins (CIBs) are issued
by NIOSH to disseminate new scientific information about
occupational hazards. A CIB may draw attention to a formerly
unrecognized hazard, report new data on a known hazard, or
disseminate information about hazard control. CIBs are distributed
to representatives of academia, industry, organized labor, public
health agencies, and public interest groups as well as to federal
agencies responsible for ensuring the safety and health of workers.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2), an insoluble white powder, is used
extensively in many commercial products, including paint,
cosmetics, plastics, paper, and food, as an anticaking or whitening
agent. It is produced and used in the workplace in varying
particle-size fractions, including fine and ultrafine sizes. The
number of U.S. workers currently exposed to TiO2 dust is unknown.
This NIOSH CIB, based on our assessment of the current available
scientific information about this widely used material, (1) reviews
the animal and human data relevant to assessing the carcinogenicity
and other adverse health effects of TiO2, (2) provides a
quantitative risk assessment using dose-response information from
the rat and human lung dosimetry modeling and recommended
occupational exposure limits for fine and ultrafine (including
engineered nanoscale) TiO2, and (3) describes exposure monitoring
techniques, exposure control strategies, and research needs. This
report only addresses occupational exposures by inhalation, and
conclusions derived here should not be inferred to pertain to
nonoccupational exposures.
General
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