Bringing together scholars from around the world, this collection
examines many of the historical developments in making data visible
through charts, graphs, thematic maps, and now interactive
displays. Today, we are used to seeing data portrayed in a dizzying
array of graphic forms. Virtually any quantified knowledge, from
social and physical science to engineering and medicine, as well as
business, government, or personal activity, has been visualized.
Yet the methods of making data visible are relatively new
innovations, most stemming from eighteenth- and nineteenth-century
innovations that arose as a logical response to a growing desire to
quantify everything-from science, economics, and industry to
population, health, and crime. Innovators such as Playfair,
Alexander von Humboldt, Heinrich Berghaus, John Snow, Florence
Nightingale, Francis Galton, and Charles Minard began to develop
graphical methods to make data and their relations more visible. In
the twentieth century, data design became both increasingly
specialized within new and existing disciplines-science,
engineering, social science, and medicine-and at the same time
became further democratized, with new forms that make statistical,
business, and government data more accessible to the public. At the
close of the twentieth century and the beginning of the
twenty-first, an explosion in interactive digital data design has
exponentially increased our access to data. The contributors
analyze this fascinating history through a variety of critical
approaches, including visual rhetoric, visual culture, genre
theory, and fully contextualized historical scholarship.
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