Consistently provocative, thoroughly original In its methods and
conclusions. The Rebellious Century: 1830-1930 questions virtually
every popular or scholarly assumption about the conditions
underlying collective violence. Written by a sociologist, an
historian, and an economist, the study presents a comparative
history of group actions leading to violence In France, Italy, and
Germany. The book demonstrates how urbanization, industrialization,
and the concentration of political power in these and other Western
countries have affected the means ordinary people have had to act
together on their grievances and aspirations. The authors' findings
not only shed light on the past but have relevance for today. By
using violence as a "tracer" of change the Tillys: challenge
Durkheim's "breakdown" thesis that identifies protest as the
eruption of fragmented, disadvantaged, uprooted social groups;
undermine standard characterizations of collective violence as the
immediate consequence of hunger, unemployment, inflation, and other
forms of material deprivation; and reject the "collective behavior"
treatment of violent movements as deviant and irrational. For all
three countries, the Tillys relate economic and political
transformations to collective action and mass violence. They find
that whether people acted to retain group rights (food riots, tax
rebellions, land occupations) or to gain them (strikes,
demonstrations, coups), the outcome depended on the political
positions of the actors and the repressive policies of the
government. Active participants in collective violence tended to
come from organized groups already in control of significant
political resources. The extent and character of violence, however,
depended strongly on how governments reacted to challenges.
Readable, thoughtful, persuasive, and free of jargon or elaborate
theoretical formulations, this work draws on years of research with
European newspapers, local studies, and archival materials and
builds unobtrusively on the most extensive quantitative analyses of
long-run changes in collective action which have ever been done. It
contributes to history, to social science, and to everyday thinking
about conflict.
General
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