In a rare fusion of literary sensibility with psychological
research, Norman N. Holland brings to light important data showing
how personality--in the fullest sense of character development and
identity--affects the way in which we read and interpret
literature. This book will show that readers respond to literature
in terms of their own lifestyle, character, personality, or
identity. By such terms, psychoanalytic writers mean an
individual's characteristic way of dealing with the demands of
outer and inner reality. Each new experience develops the style,
while the pre-existing style shapes each new experience.
The sub-title of this book, Five Readers Reading, reflects the
fact that the author, a distinguished literary critic, worked with
five student readers, using a battery of psychological tests and
extensive interviews to study the ways they reacted to classic
short stories by Faulkner, Hemingway, and others. Combining his own
interpretation of the stories with his understanding of the readers
and their reactions, Holland derives four principles that inform
literary response. He then goes on to show how these principles
apply, not just to literary response, but to the way personality
shapes any experience.
The book carries Holland's previous studies of creation and
responsive recreation forward to a major theoretical statement. He
rejects the artificial idea that one must think of a text (or other
event) as separate from its perceivers, illustrating the dynamics
by which perceiver and perceived mutually create an experience. For
critics and students of the psychology of human behavior, this is
challenging and seminal reading.
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