Clorinda Matto de Turner's second novel, Indole, was published in
Lima in 1891, two years after her Aves sin nido shocked the
Peruvian reading public with its forthright criticism of Church and
state corruption. Like Aves, Indole dramatizes the liberal
reformist anticlericalism of late nineteenth century political
debates, and is also set in a small Andean town surrounded by
outlying haciendas. But in Indole, the town is a stable and
basically happy one, where indigenous people, mestizos and
landowners of Spanish descent live harmoniously in a beautiful
Andean valley. Matto's journalistic ambition to document people's
appearance and behavior in detail, and her close attention to the
dynamics of gender, race and class, produces a vivid analysis of
small town life in 1858, complete with an army batallion sweeping
through at the end on its way to retake Arequipa for Ramn Castilla,
placing the fictive town of Rosalina in a historical national
framework. Clorinda Matto de Turner (1852-1909) was born in Cusco,
grew up on a rural estate speaking Quechua, married an English
businessman and settled with him in Tinta, a town very much like
Indole's Rosalina. After his death, when she was already a
well-established writer, she became the editor of the newspaper La
Bolsa of Arequipa, and later of El Per Ilustrado in Lima. Her
liberal reformism and activism made her many enemies, and in 1895
she had to leave Per, and she moved to Buenos Aires, where she
founded another newspaper, Bcaro americano. She published thousands
of articles and editorials, legends, tradiciones and biographies,
as well as three novels in which she sought to define models of the
ideal citizens of a rapidly modernizing Peru, and in which she
denounced corruption, immoral behavior, and laziness. This edition
of Indole has been updated with plentiful footnotes and a critical
introduction by Mary G. Berg, author of many excellent studies of
Latin American women writers and their times. This novel would fit
well into courses on Latin American narrative, women writers,
Peruvian history, gender and cultural studies, and nation-building
in the nineteenth century.
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