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Identifying the Culprit - Assessing Eyewitness Identification (Paperback)
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Identifying the Culprit - Assessing Eyewitness Identification (Paperback)
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Eyewitnesses play an important role in criminal cases when they can
identify culprits. Estimates suggest that tens of thousands of
eyewitnesses make identifications in criminal investigations each
year. Research on factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness
identification procedures has given us an increasingly clear
picture of how identifications are made, and more importantly, an
improved understanding of the principled limits on vision and
memory that can lead to failure of identification. Factors such as
viewing conditions, duress, elevated emotions, and biases influence
the visual perception experience. Perceptual experiences are stored
by a system of memory that is highly malleable and continuously
evolving, neither retaining nor divulging content in an
informational vacuum. As such, the fidelity of our memories to
actual events may be compromised by many factors at all stages of
processing, from encoding to storage and retrieval. Unknown to the
individual, memories are forgotten, reconstructed, updated, and
distorted. Complicating the process further, policies governing law
enforcement procedures for conducting and recording identifications
are not standard, and policies and practices to address the issue
of misidentification vary widely. These limitations can produce
mistaken identifications with significant consequences. What can we
do to make certain that eyewitness identification convicts the
guilty and exonerates the innocent? Identifying the Culprit makes
the case that better data collection and research on eyewitness
identification, new law enforcement training protocols,
standardized procedures for administering line-ups, and
improvements in the handling of eyewitness identification in court
can increase the chances that accurate identifications are made.
This report explains the science that has emerged during the past
30 years on eyewitness identifications and identifies best
practices in eyewitness procedures for the law enforcement
community and in the presentation of eyewitness evidence in the
courtroom. In order to continue the advancement of eyewitness
identification research, the report recommends a focused research
agenda. Identifying the Culprit will be an essential resource to
assist the law enforcement and legal communities as they seek to
understand the value and the limitations of eyewitness
identification and make improvements to procedures.
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