Germany's painful entry into the modern age elicited many
conflicting emotions. Excitement and anxiety about the
"disenchantment of the world" predominated, as Germans realized
that the triumph of science and reason had made the nation
materially powerful while impoverishing it spiritually. Eager to
enchant their world anew, many Germans in the late nineteenth and
early twentieth centuries responded by turning to a variety of
paranormal beliefs and practices--including Theosophy, astrology,
psychical research, graphology, dowsing, and spirit healing. No
mere fringe phenomenon, the German occult movement had a truly
national presence, encompassing hundreds of clubs, businesses,
institutes, and publishers providing and consuming occult goods and
services.
In "A Science for the Soul," historian Corinna Treitel explores
the appeal and significance of German occultism in all its
varieties between the 1870s and the 1940s, locating its dynamism in
the nation's struggle with modernization and the public's
dissatisfaction with scientific materialism. Occultism, Treitel
notes, served as a bridge between traditional religious beliefs and
the values of an increasingly scientific, secular, and liberal
society. Drawing on a wealth of archival materials, Treitel
describes the individuals and groups who participated in the occult
movement, reconstructs their organizational history, and examines
the economic and social factors responsible for their success.
Building on this foundation, Treitel turns to the question of
how Germans used the occult in three realms of practice: Theosophy,
where occult studies were used to achieve spiritual enlightenment;
the arts, where occult states of consciousness fueled the creative
process of avant-garde painters, writers, and dancers; and the
applied sciences, where professionals in psychology, law
enforcement, engineering, and medicine employed occult techniques
to solve characteristic problems of modernity. In conclusion,
Treitel considers the conflicting meanings occultism held for
contemporaries by focusing on the anti-spiritualist campaigns
mounted by the national press, the Protestant and Catholic
Churches, local and national governments, and the Nazi regime,
which after years of alternating between affinity and antipathy for
occultism, finally crushed the movement by 1945.
Throughout, "A Science for the Soul" examines German occultism
in its broadest cultural setting as a key aspect of German
modernism, offering new insights into how Germans met the challenge
of pursuing meaningful lives in the modern age.
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