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In Praise of Ambivalence (Hardcover)
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In Praise of Ambivalence (Hardcover)
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Ambivalence is a form of inner volitional conflict that we
experience as being irresolvable without significant cost. Because
of this, very few of us relish feelings of ambivalence. Yet for
many in the Western philosophical tradition, ambivalence is not
simply an unappealing experience that's hard to manage. According
to Unificationists-whose view finds its historical roots in Plato
and Augustine and is ably defended by contemporary philosophers
such as Harry Frankfurt and Christine Korsgaard-ambivalence is a
failure of well-functioning agency. The reasons for this, we're
told, are threefold. First, it precludes agents from resolving
their wills in a way that is necessary for autonomy. Second, it
precludes agents from fully affirming their live and, in
particular, from fully affirming the choices they make. As a
result, ambivalence robs them of an important source of meaning.
Finally, ambivalence causes agents to act in self-defeating ways.
In so doing, they act without integrity. Ambivalence is thus seen
as a threat to a trio of important agential goods, and as a result,
it imperils the best forms of human agency. Against the
Unificationists, D. Justin Coates argues that ambivalence does not
preclude volitional resolution or normatively significant forms of
affirmation. Nor does it guarantee self-defeat. Consequently,
ambivalence as such is no threat to autonomy, meaning, or
integrity. In assessing these arguments, ambivalence is also
revealed to have an important role in securing the very goods that
unificationists contend it undermines. The reason for this is that
each of these goods requires the agent to be normatively competent.
But normative competence itself, Coates argues, often leads agents
to be ambivalent. The best forms of human agency are therefore
shown to be not only compatible with ambivalence but as regularly
requiring it. Ambivalence is thus not a volitional defect, but a
crucial constituent of well-functioning agency.
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