The Old English poems in this volume are among the first
retellings of scriptural texts in a European vernacular. More than
simple translations, they recast the familiar plots in daringly
imaginative ways, from Satan's seductive pride (anticipating
Milton), to a sympathetic yet tragic Eve, to Moses as a headstrong
Germanic warrior-king, to the lyrical nature poetry in Azarias.
Whether or not the legendary Caedmon authored any of the poems
in this volume, they represent traditional verse in all its vigor.
Three of them survive as sequential epics in a manuscript in the
Bodleian Library at Oxford. The first, the Old English Genesis,
recounts biblical history from creation and the apocryphal fall of
the angels to the sacrifice of Isaac; Abraham emerges as the
central figure struggling through exile toward a lasting covenant
with God. The second, Exodus, follows Moses as he leads the Hebrew
people out of Egyptian slavery and across the Red Sea. Both Abraham
and Moses are transformed into martial heroes in the Anglo-Saxon
mold. The last in the triad, Daniel, tells of the trials of the
Jewish people in Babylonian exile up through Belshazzar's feast.
Azarias, the final poem in this volume (found in an Exeter
Cathedral manuscript), relates the apocryphal episode of the three
youths in Nebuchadnezzar's furnace.
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