Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics -
Political Systems - General and Comparisons, grade: 1,0, Diplomatic
Academy of Vienna - School of International Studies, course:
Intensive Seminar Comparative Politics, 39 entries in the
bibliography, language: English, abstract: Globalisation has put
Christianity and Islam face to face, increasing as well as imposing
the need for a mutual understanding of each other's heritage - even
more so, since religion sees its status of a political variable
restored on an international level. Islam is occupying a
significant place on many agendas, from security to economic
relations or in numerous cultural theories. Hypotheses such as the
clash of civilisations, the need to democratise Islamic countries
or the upcoming Enlightenment of the Middle East are being put
forward and enjoy an ever increasing attention in policy making
strategiess. It is therefore significant to explore the question to
which extent "the mosque" - in a more general sense - has an
influence on state affairs in a country like Saudi Arabia which, in
the opinion of many, excels in religiosity, as compared to a
democratic Muslim state like Turkey. This paper takes a brief
close-up of the Christian and Islamic heritage regarding the
separation of church and state, subsequently analysing the topic in
Turkey and Saudi Arabia. In a historical perspective, the question
whether and how the mosque has contributed to the foundation of the
two states will be answered. The extent to which they resemble an
Islamic state will be than shown, investigating also the
independence of institutions from the mosque. Finally, it will be
seen whether religious beliefs are kept out of public policies
motivations, and especially whether public money are used for
supporting religious establishments. The analysis should point to
one of the four possible mosque-state relationships: identity,
symbiosis, subordination, separation.
General
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