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Economic Reform and the Poor in Africa (Hardcover, New)
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Economic Reform and the Poor in Africa (Hardcover, New)
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Has economic reform hurt the poor in Africa? There is little
disagreement that most African countries faced an economic crisis
in the 1980s, characterized by worsening budget and
balance-of-payment deficits, stagnant growth, and slow improvement
in general indicators. Far less consensus exists, however, on the
appropriateness and effectiveness of the macroeconomic and sectoral
reforms these countries undertook in response to these conditions.
More contentious still is the subject of this book: whether the
poor are hurt, in absolute and relative terms, by the economic
policies designed to restore macroeconomic stability, reinvigorate
markets, and rationalize resource allocation in Africa. Critics
claim that, while orthodox adjustment policies may make sense at
the macro level, they have high social costs. Proponents deny that
living standards have declined as a result of adjustment policies,
arguing that any declines are due to other factors. The
contributors to this volume employ empirical methods to separate
the effects of the economic crises that induced countries to begin
to adjust from the impact of the economic reforms themselves. This
approach is more sophisticated than the standard comparison of
economic performance and household welfare before and after reform,
which attributes all changes to the reform process. With these
models, the authors examine the impact of specific policy reforms -
under the broad headings of trade and exchange rate, fiscal, and
food and agricultural sector policy - in specific countries. The
countries covered are Cameroon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mozambique, Niger, Tanzania, and Zaire.
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