Marine debris is a serious environmental problem. To do its part,
the United States has agreed to abide by the international treaty
for garbage control at sea, known as MARPOL 73/78 Annex V. Clean
Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans explores the challenge of
translating Annex V into workable laws and regulations for all
kinds of ships and boats, from cruise ships to fishing crafts and
recreational boats. The volume examines how existing resources can
be leveraged into a comprehensive strategy for compliance,
including integrated waste management systems and effective
enforcement. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans describes both
progress toward and obstacles to Annex V compliance. The book
covers: How shipborne garbage orignates and what happens to garbage
discharged into the seas. Effects of discharge on human health,
wildlife safety, and aesthetics. Differences in perspective among
military, industrial, and recreational seafarers and shoreside
facilities. Clean Ships, Clean Ports, Clean Oceans will be
important to marine policymakers, port administrators, ship
operations officers, maritime engineers, and marine ecologists.
Table of Contents Front Matter EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FATES AND EFFECTS
OF MARINE DEBRIS THE VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM EDUCATION AND
TRAINING OVERARCHING ISSUES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT ACTION
National Leadership Coast Guard National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) Maritime Administration (MARAD) 1 Dimensions
of the Challenge and U.S. Progress INTERNATIONAL AND U.S. MANDATES
PROGRESS IN U.S. IMPLEMENTATION OF ANNEX V U.S. Navy Compliance
State Initiatives Pilot Programs by Community and Environmental
Groups Special Situations: The Gulf of Mexico THE CHALLENGES AHEAD
REFERENCES 2 Sources, Fates, and Effects of Shipborne Garbage
IDENTIFYING VESSEL GARBAGE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT SOURCES OF
SHIPBORNE GARBAGE Recreational Boats Commercial Fisheries Cargo
Ships Small Public Vessels Offshore Industry Rigs, Platforms, and
Supply Vessels Passenger Cruise Ships Research Vessels General
Observations Implications for Special Areas Implications for
Implementation of Annex V Human Health Problems Ecological Effects
Entanglement of Marine Animals Ingestion of Plastics by Marine
Species SUMMARY REFERENCES 3 Implementation HAZARD EVOLUTION MODEL
Interventions to Remedy the Hazard Technological Innovations
Organizational and Operational Changes Educational Communication
Economic Incentives Application of the Model to the Seafarer
Communities SUMMARY REFERENCES 4 Elements of an Implementation
Strategy INTRODUCTION Intelligence Analysis of Interventions
Intelligence Control Analysis of Interventions Intelligence Control
Analysis of Interventions Intelligence Intelligence Control
Intelligence Control Analysis of Interventions Control Analysis of
Interventions Intelligence Analysis of Interventions Intelligence
Control Analysis of Interventions REFERENCES 5 Integrating Vessel
and Shoreside Garbage Management PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED WASTE
MANAGEMENT Source Reduction On-Board Storage Shoreside Recycling
Compactors Comminuters, Pulpers, and Shredders Incinerators
Enhancing Shipboard Technology Development and Use GARBAGE
MANAGEMENT IN PORTS Garbage Management Strategies ENHANCING THE
VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Quarantine Requirements Port
Accountability Liability Who Should Pay? SUMMARY REFERENCES 6
Education and Training Public Awareness Campaigns Management
Education and Training EXPERIENCE BASE RELATED TO ANNEX V Marine
Debris Information Offices Efforts Targeting Boaters Port Projects
Efforts Involving Industry Public Awareness Programs Information
Exchange A MODEL ANNEX V EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM Leadership
Secure Funding SUMMARY REFERENCES THE NEED FOR LEADERSHIP U.S.
ENFORCEMENT OF ANNEX V Clarify Extent of Port State Authorities
Simplify Handling of Civil Cases Track and Punish Repeat Violators
Monitor Garbage Handling Practices Surveillance by Ship Operators
ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIAL AREAS Implementation of Annex V in the
Wider Caribbean SUMMARY REFERENCES 8 Measuring Progress in
Implementation of Annex V RECORD KEEPING AS A MEASURE OF
IMPLEMENTATION Assessing Annex V Implementation Internationally
Surveys of Beach Debris Monitoring Trends in Biological Impacts
Monitoring Plastics in the Marine Environment Benthic Surveys of
Plastic Debris Data Collection and Management REFERENCES 9 National
Strategy IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
Recreational Boats and Their Marinas Commercial Fisheries and Their
Fleet Ports Cargo Ships and Their Itinerary Ports Passenger Day
Boats, Ferries, and Their Terminals Small Public Vessels and Their
Home Ports Offshore Platforms, Rigs, Supply Vessels, and Their
Shore Bases Navy Surface Combatant Vessels and Their Home Ports
Passenger Cruise Ships and Their Itinerary Ports Research Vessels
and Their Ports of Call 10 Federal Action to Improve Implementation
of Annex V SCIENTIFIC MONITORING VESSEL/SHORE INTERFACE ON-BOARD
TECHNOLOGIES ENFORCEMENT EDUCATION AND TRAINING NATIONAL LEADERSHIP
APPENDIXES APPENDIX A Committee on Shipborne Wastes Biographical
Information Regulation 1 Regulation 4 Regulation 5 Regulation 6
Regulation 7 1 Introduction and definitions 2 Training, education
and information 3 Minimizing the amount of potential garbage 4
Shipboard garbage handling and storage procedures 5 Shipboard
equipment for processing garbage 6 Port reception facilities for
garbage 7 Ensuring compliance with Annex V Appendix Form for
reporting alleged inadequacy of port reception facilities for
garbage Revised Guidelines for the Implementation of Annex V of
MARPOL 73/78 1 Scope 2 Definitions 3 Materials and manufacture 4
Operating requirements 5 Operating controls 7 Tests 9 Marking
Minimum information to be provided A2 - Fire protection
requirements for incinerators and waste stowage spaces A4 - Flue
gas temperature Annex APPENDIX C The International Law of the Sea:
Implications for Annex V Implementation COASTAL STATE AUTHORITIES
PORT STATE CONTROL MORE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS STRENGTHENING THE FORCE
OF IMO RULES APPENDIX D Time Line for U.S. Implementation of Annex
V Antarctic Ocean The Baltic Sea Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico
Persian Gulf Red Sea REFERENCES ENTANGLEMENT OF MARINE SPECIES
INGESTION OF PLASTICS BY MARINE SPECIES GHOST FISHING REFERENCES
Index
General
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