After the fall of its authoritarian regime in 1998, Indonesia
pursued an unusual course of democratization. It was
insider-dominated and gradualist, and it involved free elections
before a lengthy process of constitutional reform. At the end of
the process, Indonesia's amended constitution was essentially a new
and thoroughly democratic document. By proceeding as they did, the
Indonesians averted the conflict that would have arisen between
adherents of the old constitution and proponents of radical,
immediate reform. Gradual reform also made possible the adoption of
institutions that preserved pluralism and pushed politics toward
the center. The resulting democracy has a number of prominent
flaws, largely attributable to the process chosen, but is a better
outcome than the most likely alternatives. Donald L. Horowitz
documents the decisions that gave rise to this distinctive
constitutional process. He then traces the effects of the new
institutions on Indonesian politics and discusses their
shortcomings as well as their achievements in steering Indonesia
away from the dangers of polarization and violence, all the while
placing the Indonesian story in the context of comparative
experience with constitutional design and intergroup conflict.
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