Membrane processes are of increased interest in water and
wastewater treatment, food, biotechnological, chemical, and
pharmaceutical industries, because of their versatility and
effectiveness. However, a common problem encountered during the
application of membrane filtration is membrane fouling. Membrane
fouling results in increased operating costs due to the higher
pressures required to maintain permeate flux, the time and
materials needed for membrane cleaning, and membrane replacement.
This study systematically investigated the mechanism and efficiency
of an innovative ultrasonic technique to control ceramic membrane
fouling caused by silica particles and dissolved organic matter. It
was found that ultrasound reduced membrane fouling significantly.
Based on the mechanistic understanding of the sono-physical and
sono-chemical effects of ultrasound, the technical guidelines were
proposed to optimize the ultrasonic efficiency to improve the
performance of membrane filtration. This study should be especially
useful to professionals in water and wastewater treatment, membrane
manufactures, or anyone else who may be interested in utilizing
ultrasound in engineering processes.
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