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Pathogen Removal Mechanisms in Macrophyte and Algal Waste Stabilization Ponds - PhD: UNESCO-IHE Institute, Delft (Paperback)
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Pathogen Removal Mechanisms in Macrophyte and Algal Waste Stabilization Ponds - PhD: UNESCO-IHE Institute, Delft (Paperback)
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Pathogen removal mechanisms in macrophyte and algal-based waste
stabilization ponds were studied in Ghana and Colombia. The
macrophytes used were water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and
duckweeds (Lemna paucicostata and Spirodela polyrhiza). The
selection of the species was based on economic importance and
availability. Lemna was used during the initial investigations.
However, Lemna could not withstand the ammonia levels in the
wastewater used. Spirodela polyrhiza a rarer species in Ghana was
therefore used in subsequent studies. The main mechanisms
considered in this study were pH, protozoa predation and surface
attachment. The microorganisms used were faecal bacteria namely;
Escherichia coli, other coliforms, Salmonella sp., other
enterobacteria, E. coli, ATCC13706 and enterococci. Studies were
conducted using batch scale, continuous flow bench and pilot scale
ponds. Results indicated in order of importance that long retention
periods, attachment, sedimentation, predation and low pH are
mechanisms in macrophyte ponds enhancing faecal bacteria removal,
while in the algal ponds long retention periods, sunlight
penetration, high pH, attachment and sedimentation are the
mechanisms of importance in faecal bacteria removal. Presence of
protozoa was also found to be important but true grazing studies
could not be quantified. Dissolved oxygen did not play a major role
in faecal bacteria removal.
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