The Kalevala is the great Finnish epic, which like the Iliad and
the Odyssey, grew out of a rich oral tradition with prehistoric
roots. During the first millennium of our era, speakers of Uralic
languages (those outside the Indo-European group) who had settled
in the Baltic region of Karelia, that straddles the border of
eastern Finland and north-west Russia, developed an oral poetry
that was to last into the nineteenth century. This poetry provided
the basis of the Kalevala. It was assembled in the 1840s by the
Finnish scholar Elias Lonnrot, who took dictation' from the
performance of a folk singer, in much the same way as our great
collections from the past, from Homeric poems to medieval songs and
epics, have probably been set down. Published in 1849, it played a
central role in the march towards Finnish independence and inspired
some of Sibelius's greatest works.
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