The recent replacement of authoritarian rule by democracy in both
South Africa and El Salvador poses a puzzle: why did the powerful
and fervently anti-democratic elites of these countries abandon
death squads, apartheid, and the other tools of political
repression and take a chance on democracy? Forging Democracy from
Below, first published in 2000, shows how popular mobilization - in
El Salvador an effective guerilla army supported by peasant
collaboration and in South Africa a powerful alliance of labor
unions and poor urban dwellers - eventually forced the elite to the
bargaining table, and why both a durable settlement and democratic
government were the result. Using interviews with both insurgent
and elite actors as well as statistical analysis of macroeconomic
developments, Elisabeth Wood documents an 'insurgent path to
democracy' and challenges the view that democracy is the result of
compromise among elite factions or the modernizing influence of
economic development.
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