In light of scientific advances such as genomics, predictive
diagnostics, genetically engineered agriculture, nuclear transfer
cloning, and the manipulation of stem cells, the idea that genes
carry predetermined molecular programs or blueprints is pervasive.
Yet new scientific discoveries-such as rna transcripts of single
genes that can lead to the production of different compounds from
the same pieces of dna-challenge the concept of the gene alone as
the dominant factor in biological development. Increasingly aware
of the tension between certain empirical results and
interpretations of those results based on the orthodox view of
genetic determinism, a growing number of scientists urge a
rethinking of what a gene is and how it works. In this collection,
a group of internationally renowned scientists present some
prominent alternative approaches to understanding the role of dna
in the construction and function of biological
organisms.Contributors discuss alternatives to the programmatic
view of dna, including the developmental systems approach,
methodical culturalism, the molecular process concept of the gene,
the hermeneutic theory of description, and process structuralist
biology. None of the approaches cast doubt on the notion that dna
is tremendously important to biological life on earth; rather,
contributors examine different ideas of how dna should be
represented, evaluated, and explained. Just as ideas about genetic
codes have reached far beyond the realm of science, the
reconceptualizations of genetic theory in this volume have broad
implications for ethics, philosophy, and the social sciences.
Contributors. Thomas Burglin, Brian C. Goodwin, James Griesemer,
Paul Griffiths, Jesper Hoffmeyer, Evelyn Fox Keller, Gerd B.
Muller, Eva M. Neumann-Held, Stuart A. Newman, Susan Oyama,
Christoph Rehmann-Sutter, Sahotra Sarkar, Jackie Leach Scully,
Gerry Webster, Ulrich Wolf
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