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Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy (Hardcover, New)
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Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy (Hardcover, New)
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During the second half of the twentieth century, competition policy
has been accorded an increasingly prominent role in the policy
portfolios of industrialized nations. Since the late 1940s, when
twenty-three nations ratified the first General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade (GATT), tariff barriers have been progressively
reduced throughout much of the industrialized world. The final
Uruguay Round negotiations extended GATT's reach to agriculture,
services, and intellectual property and clarified policies toward
other aspects of trade. While great progress has been made, much
remains to be done to integrate the world economy in the 21st
century. In this book, part of the Brookings Integrating National
Economies series, F. M. Scherer explores the three-way interaction
among competition policy, national trading and investment
strategies, and international trade policies. Focusing on four
nations - the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan
- he surveys the evolution over two centuries of national trading
and competition policies and the points at which they come in
conflict. Attempts to harmonize them through multilateral
institutions, such as the European Union, are examined. The
principal intersections between competition and trade policies are
analyzed in depth. Scherer shows how export and import cartels have
effects similar to traditional tariff barriers and how restraints
implemented to settle trade disputes induce cartelization. Also
investigated are the substantially different rules governing price
discrimination under trade laws and competition policy, how
vertical restraints such as exclusive dealing and resale price
maintenance serve as import barriers, and theconflict between
industrial policy and competition policy goals as nations choose
whether to encourage or restrict mergers. Scherer offers
recommendations for substantive and procedural improvements at the
interface between trade and competition policies. He proposes a new
set of international competition policy institutions that combat
avoidable restraints while respecting the need for national
sovereignty.
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