The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed this
series of mitigation planning how-to guides to assist states,
tribes, and communities in enhancing their hazard mitigation
planning capabilities. These guides are designed to provide the
type of information states, tribes, and communities need to
initiate and maintain a planning process that will result in safer
and more disaster-resistant communities. These guides are
applicable to states, tribes, and communities of various sizes and
varying ranges of financial and technical resources. The how-to
guides cover the following topics: Getting started with the
mitigation planning process, including important considerations for
how you can organize your efforts to develop an effective
mitigation plan (FEMA 386-1); Identifying hazards and assessing
losses to your community, tribe, or state (FEMA 386-2); Setting
mitigation priorities and goals for your community, tribe, or state
and writing the plan (FEMA 386-3); Implementing the mitigation
plan, including project funding and maintaining a dynamic plan that
changes to meet new developments (FEMA 386-4); Evaluating and
prioritizing potential mitigation actions through the use of
benefit-cost analysis and other techniques (FEMA 386-5);
Incorporating special considerations into hazard mitigation
planning for historic structures and cultural resources (FEMA
386-6); Incorporating mitigation considerations for manmade hazards
into hazard mitigation planning (FEMA 386-7); Using
multi-jurisdictional approaches to mitigation planning (FEMA
386-8); and Finding and securing technical and financial resources
for mitigation planning (FEMA 386-9). This guide will address the
following questions: 1. How can we make sure the plan is officially
recognized? Proof of formal adoption is required under DMA 2000
regulations. Getting the plan adopted ensures the support and
approval of the governing authority in your jurisdiction. 2. What
is the most effective mechanism to implement each recommendation?
What resources are available? How can we keep the public informed
and actively involved now that initiatives are underway? Your
mitigation strategy probably contains various short- and long-term
recommendations. The actual sources of funding, staff time, and
staffing needs may change before project implementation gets
underway. The planning team always must be on the lookout for
alternative sources of funding, new opportunities, and new
partnerships through which to carry out the recommendations.
Determining who will bear responsibility for implementing planned
actions is key to getting the implementation phase off to a
successful start. 3. How will we know if our mitigation strategy is
working? Monitoring and evaluating the outcomes of the mitigation
actions are essential to knowing whether to stay the course or
change it. The successes and limitations of your efforts should be
documented as part of the evaluation process. Celebrating successes
and keeping citizens actively involved and informed of the progress
of the hazard mitigation initiatives, are just as important in the
adoption, implementation, and revision phases as in any other
phase. Keeping everyone up to date on progress also will help
sustain support for mitigation as a local, tribal, or state
priority. 4. When should we reexamine the plan? The community and
its assets are constantly changing, requiring the mitigation plan
to be updated periodically. While DMA 2000 regulations require a
formal review and revision of the community plan once every five
years for local jurisdictions and every three years for states, the
planning team should reevaluate its implementation strategy as new
opportunities, unforeseen challenges, and disasters arise. As
mitigation issues are resolved, the plan should be reexamined to
determine whether there is a need to reprioritize, add, or
reconfigure actions in light of what has been accomplished.
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