Lifelines (e.g., systems and facilities that deliver energy fuel
and systems and facilities that provide key services such as water
and sewage, transportation, and communications are defined as
lifelines) are presently being sited in "utility or transportation
corridors" to reduce their right-of-way environmental, aesthetic,
and cost impacts on the communities that rely upon them. The
individual lifelines are usually designed, constructed, and
modified throughout their service life. This results in different
standards and siting criteria being applied to segments of the same
lifeline, and also to different standards or siting criteria being
applied to the separate lifelines systems within a single corridor.
Presently, the siting review usually does not consider the impact
of proximity or collocation of the lifelines on their individual
risk or vulnerability to natural or manmade hazards or disasters.
This is either because the other lifelines have not yet been
installed or because such a consideration has not been identified
as being an important factor for such an evaluation. There have
been cases when some lifeline collocations have increased the
levels of damage experienced during an accident or an earthquake.
For example, water line ruptures during earthquakes have led to
washouts which have caused foundation damage to nearby facilities.
In southern California a railroad accident (transportation
lifeline) led to the subsequent failure of a collocated fuel
pipeline, and the resulting fire caused considerable property
damage and loss of life. Loss of electric power has restricted, and
sometimes failed, the ability to provide water and sewer services
or emergency fire fighting capabilities. In response to these types
of situations, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is
examining the use of such corridors, and FEMA initiated this study
to examine the impact of siting multiple lifeline systems in
confined and at-risk areas. The overall FEMA project goals are to
develop managerial tools that can be used to increase the
understanding of the lifeline systems' vulnerabilities and to help
identify potential mitigation approaches that could be used to
reduce those vulnerabilities. Another program goal is to identify
methods to enhance the transfer of the resulting information to
lifeline system providers, designers, builders, managers,
operators, users, and regulators. This report presents the analytic
methods developed to define the collocation impacts and the
resulting analyses of the seismic and geologic environmental loads
on the collocated lifelines in the Cajon Pass. The assumed
earthquake event is similar to the 8.3 magnitude, San Andreas
fault, Ft. Tejon earthquake of 1857. In this, report a new analysis
method is developed and applied to identify the increase in the
vulnerability of the individual lifeline systems due to their
proximity to other lifelines in the Cajon Pass. A third reports
presents an executive summary of the study. The Cajon Pass Lifeline
Inventory report and this present report taken together provide a
specific example of how the new analysis method can be applied to a
real lifeline corridor situation.
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