The Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) was established in 1963 to
replace the nation's first alert and warning system called
CONELRAD. The EBS allowed the President or State and local
officials to send out alerts while radio stations continued to
operate on their assigned frequencies. In 1979 the President
transferred the responsibility of maintaining the EBS from the
Department of Commerce to FEMA through Executive Order 12127. In
1990 the Primary Entry Point Advisory Committee (PEPAC) was
established by FEMA to help manage thirty-four (34) EBS Primary
Entry Point (PEP) stations across the U.S. In 1994 the Emergency
Alert System (EAS) was initiated and replaced the EBS by 1997.
Other warning systems were developed throughout the Federal
government such as National Warning System, the Digital EAS program
with the Association of Public Television Stations, the Web Alert
and Relay Network (WARN) pilot, and the Geo-Targeted Alerting
System (GTAS) with NOAA. The September 15, 1995 Presidential
Memorandum to the Director of FEMA, regarding the Emergency Alert
System (EAS) Statement of Requirements, requires FEMA to: i) Act as
the White House Military Office's Executive Agent for the
development, operations, and maintenance of the national-level EAS;
ii) Bring the Primary Entry Point (PEP) system up to full
operational capability and ensure compatibility with the state and
local EAS; iii) Phase out dedicated circuitry and associated
equipment of the Emergency Action Notification (EAN) network and
incorporate the network nodes into the national level EAS as
required; iv) Prepare guidance concerning the definition and use of
Priority Four, and enhance procedures to disseminate National
Emergency Information Programming; v) Conduct tests and exercises;
vi) Ensure the national-level EAS keeps pace with emerging
technologies through the use of low-cost innovative techniques. On
June 26, 2006 the President issued Executive Order (EO) 13407
requiring "an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and
comprehensive system to alert and warn the American people in
situations of war, terrorist attack, natural disaster or other
hazards to public safety and well being." The Integrated Public
Alert and Warning (IPAWS) Program Management Office (PMO) was
established in 2007 to execute the policy established in EO 13407.
The IPAWS Program goal is to identify, develop, and/or adopt
appropriate standards to enable implementation of interoperable
public alert and warning systems, to identify technologies and
standards that improve security, reliability, addressability,
accessibility, interoperability, coverage, and resilience of the
public alert and warning systems, and to integrate these
capabilities via a common IPAWS Aggregator. The IPAWS Program is
organized in to several major concurrent and incremental projects
that in coordination and partnership with other federal, state, and
local stakeholders integrate and improve all aspects of public
alert and warning. This PEA will also facilitate FEMA's compliance
with other environmental and historic preservation requirements by
providing a framework to address the impacts of actions typically
funded to aid in national preparedness. FEMA coordinates and
integrates to the maximum extent possible the review and compliance
process required under similar requirements such as the Section 106
of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Section 7 of the
Endangered Species Act (ESA), the eight step process of the
Executive Order 11988 and 11990, and others. This PEA provides a
framework on how FEMA integrates these requirements with NEPA.
Finally, the PEA provides the public and decision-makers with the
information required to understand and evaluate the potential
environmental consequences of these national preparedness actions.
This PEA meets the NEPA goals of impact identification and
disclosure and addresses the need to streamline the NEPA review
process in the interest of national preparedness.
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