This manual is intended to assist office building owners' personnel
responsible for funding and operating existing office buildings
across the United States. This publication and its companion
documents are the products of a Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) project to develop the concept of incremental seismic
rehabilitation-that is, building modifications that reduce seismic
risk by improving seismic performance and that are implemented over
an extended period, often in conjunction with other repair,
maintenance, or capital improvement activities. The manual was
developed after the project team analyzed the management practices
of office building owners of varying sizes located in various
seismic zones in different parts of the United States. It focuses
on the identified concerns and decision making practices of owners
and managers of Class A, B, or C buildings, be they REITs, pension
funds, partnerships, individuals, or other types of owners.
Earthquakes are a serious threat to office safety and pose a
significant potential liability to office building owners. Office
buildings in 39 states are vulnerable to earthquake damage. Unsafe
existing buildings expose office building owners and tenants to the
following risks: Death and injury of tenants, occupants, and
visitors; Damage to or collapse of buildings; Damage to and loss of
furnishings, equipment, and other building contents; Disruption of
office functions and building operations. The greatest earthquake
risk is associated with existing office buildings that were
designed and constructed before the use of modern building codes.
For many parts of the United States, this includes buildings built
as recently as the early 1990s. Although vulnerable office
buildings need to be replaced with safe, new construction or
rehabilitated to correct deficiencies, for many building owners new
construction is limited, at times severely, by budgetary
constraints, and seismic rehabilitation is expensive and
disruptive. However, incremental seismic rehabilitation, an
innovative approach that phases in a series of discrete
rehabilitation actions over a period of several years, is an
effective, affordable, and non-disruptive strategy for responsible
mitigation action. It can be integrated efficiently into ongoing
facility maintenance and capital improvement operations to minimize
cost and disruption. The strategy of incremental seismic
rehabilitation makes it possible to get started now on improving
earthquake safety in your office building inventory. This manual
provides owners of office buildings, be they Real Estate Investment
Trusts (REITs), pension funds, partnerships, individuals, or other
forms of ownership, with the information necessary to assess the
seismic vulnerability of their buildings and to implement a program
of incremental seismic rehabilitation for those buildings.
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