Earthquakes are a serious threat to safety in retail buildings, be
they malls or single tenant buildings, and pose a significant
potential liability to retail building owners. Retail buildings in
39 states are vulnerable to earthquake damage. Unsafe existing
buildings expose retail building owners and tenants to the
following risks: Death and injury to tenants, occupants, shoppers,
and visitors; Damage to or collapse of buildings; Damage to and
loss of furnishings, equipment, merchandise, and other building
contents; Disruption of sales functions and building operations.
The greatest earthquake risk is associated with existing retail
buildings that were designed and constructed before the use of
modern building codes. For many parts of the United States, this
includes buildings built as recently as the early 1990s. Although
vulnerable retail buildings should be replaced with safe, new
construction or rehabilitated to correct deficiencies, for many
building owners new construction is limited, at times severely, by
budgetary constraints, and seismic rehabilitation is expensive and
disruptive. However, incremental seismic rehabilitation, proposed
in this manual, is an innovative approach that phases in a series
of discrete rehabilitation actions over a period of several years.
It is an effective, affordable, and non-disruptive strategy for
responsible mitigation action that can be integrated efficiently
into ongoing facility maintenance and capital improvement
operations to minimize cost and disruption. This manual and its
companion documents are the products of a Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) project to develop the concept of
incremental seismic rehabilitation-that is, building modifications
that reduce seismic risk by improving seismic performance and that
are implemented over an extended period, often in conjunction with
other repair, maintenance, or capital improvement activities. It
provides owners of Class A, B, or C retail buildings, be they Real
Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), pension funds, partnerships,
individuals, or other forms of ownership, with the information
necessary to assess the seismic vulnerability of their buildings
and to implement a program of incremental seismic rehabilitation
for those buildings.
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