Many estuaries are located in urbanized, highly engineered
environments. Cohesive sediment plays an important role due to its
link with estuarine health and ecology. An important ecological
parameter is the suspended sediment concentration (SSC) translated
into turbidity levels and sediment budget. This study contributes
to investigate and forecast turbidity levels and sediment budget
variability at San Francisco Bay-Delta system at a variety of
spatial and temporal scales applying a flexible mesh process-based
model (Delft3D FM). It is possible to have a robust sediment model,
which reproduces 90% of the yearly data derived sediment budget,
with simple model settings, like applying one mud fraction and a
simple bottom sediment distribution. This finding opens the horizon
for modeling less monitored estuaries. Comparing two case studies,
i.e. the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and Alviso Slough, a
classification for estuaries regarding the main sediment dynamic
forcing is proposed: event-driven estuary (Delta) and tide-driven
estuary (Alviso Slough). In the event-driven estuaries, the rivers
are the main sediment source and the tides have minor impact in the
net sediment transport. In the tide-driven estuaries, the main
sediment source is the bottom sediment and the tide asymmetry
defines the net sediment transport. This research also makes
advances in connecting different scientific fields and developing a
managerial tool to support decision making. It provides the basis
to a chain of models, which goes from the hydrodynamics, to
suspended sediment, to phytoplankton, to fish, clams and marshes.
General
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