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Doing the Best We Can - An Essay in Informal Deontic Logic (Hardcover, 1986 ed.)
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Doing the Best We Can - An Essay in Informal Deontic Logic (Hardcover, 1986 ed.)
Series: Philosophical Studies Series, 35
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Several years ago I came across a marvelous little paper in which
Hector-Neri Castaneda shows that standard versions of act
utilitarian l ism are formally incoherent. I was intrigued by his
argument. It had long seemed to me that I had a firm grasp on act
utilitarianism. Indeed, it had often seemed to me that it was the
clearest and most attractive of normative theories. Yet here was a
simple and relatively uncontrover sial argument that showed, with
only some trivial assumptions, that the doctrine is virtually
unintelligible. The gist of Castaneda's argument is this: suppose
we understand act utilitarianism to be the view that an act is
obligatory if and only if its utility exceeds that of each
alternative. Suppose it is obligatory for a certain person to
perform an act with two parts - we can call it 'A & B'. Then,
obviously enough, it is also obligatory for this person to perform
the parts, A and B. If act utilitarianism were true, we appar ently
could infer that the utility of A & B is higher than that of A,
and higher than that of B (because A & B is obligatory, and the
other acts are alternatives to A & B)."
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