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for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: 2.
The cane, of brown color, and of smooth bark, bearing the clusters
on a side branch, the shoot. Its course of life is from October to
October, or a year. v 3. The stem, of black color, the bark
separating from it, bearing the clusters with the shoot on the
cane. Its course of life embraces the age of the grape Tine, of
from 800 to 1000 years. The grape Tine, therefore, is progressing
regularly; the shoot is changed to a cane, and the cane to a stem.
The stem enlarges more and more as the canes of the preceding year
are added to it. The necessary consequence of this process is that
the stem, which does not bear grapes, increases more and more in
extent, and that the clusters cannot grow but on the extreme ends
of the stem, because they are the product of the green shoots
proceeding from the eye. It follows from these facts that we haTe
to resort to a method to compel the Tine to produce new canes OTer
its whole extent, lest the greater part of the aTailable space
would be occupied by the neTer-bearing stem. This method consists
in pruning or training, that is, an inten- tentional and artificial
remoTal of some parts, to compel others near them to push.. Pruning
the grape Tine has, from time immemorial, been considered necessary
in its cultivation, although the true connection between cause and
effect has not been sufficiently well understood. ""The Tine,
however, is capable of so much development that eTen faulty pruning
always accomplishes a part of its object. Before we proceed to show
practically the true way of pruning, we must study the reasons
which render it efficient. THE REASONS FOR PRUNING. In the course
of the year the moTeinent of the sap in the grape Tine is subject
to great differences. In the spring, when the temperature rises,
the sap begins to ri...
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