The molecular and genetic signatures of cancer are represented in
the peripheral circulation and other body fluids, giving rise to
the "liquid biopsy" concept. This new paradigm of molecular
profiling of cancer cells offers several advantages over
traditional tissue biopsy. It is convenient, noninvasive, conforms
to current clinical practice, enables real time disease monitoring
and the study of tumor evolution, can easily be sampled multiple
times, and this sample is more representative of the heterogeneous
cancer cells than biopsy sampling. Indeed, all aspects of cancer
molecular genetic information, stemming from DNA (both nuclear and
mitochondria), RNA (coding and noncoding), peptides and proteins,
metabolites and lipids are present in body fluids as free, cell
surface bound or enclosed in membrane vesicles, and are being
harnessed for disease management. Additionally, circulating tumor,
and tumor stem cells provide prognostic information, and also
enable the study of the intricate molecular processes associated
with metastasis and drug resistance. This treatise deals with the
general principles of the molecular pathology of cancer, and its
associated imprints in circulation. The transitional process from
discovery, prototype development, translational research, to
product development can be complex and costly. The critical path to
biomarker development and qualification for successful use in drug
development is detailed herein as well. This book is of interest to
Cancer Researchers, Oncologists, Clinicians, Surgeons, Medical
Students, Nurses, Diagnostic Laboratories, and Pharmaceutical
Industries.
General
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