We all live our daily lives surrounded by the products of
technology that make what we do simpler, faster, and more
efficient. These are benefits we often just take for granted. But
at the same time, as these products disburden us of unwanted tasks
that consumed much time and effort in earlier eras, many of them
also leave us more disengaged from our natural and even human
surroundings. It is the task of what Gene Moriarty calls focal
engineering to create products that will achieve a balance between
disburdenment and engagement: "How much disburdenment will be
appropriate while still permitting an engagement that enriches
one's life, elevates the spirit, and calls forth a good life in a
convivial society?"
One of his examples of a focally engineered structure is the
Golden Gate Bridge, which "draws people to it, enlivens and
elevates the human spirit, and resonates with the world of its
congenial setting. Humans, bridge, and world are in tune." These
values of engagement, enlivenment, and resonance are key to the
normative approach Moriarty brings to the profession of
engineering, which traditionally has focused mainly on technical
measures of evaluation such as efficiency, productivity,
objectivity, and precision. These measures, while important, look
at the engineered product in a local and limited sense. But "from a
broader perspective, what is locally benign may present serious
moral problems," undermining "social justice, environmental
sustainability, and health and safety of affected parties." It is
this broader perspective that is championed by focal engineering,
the subject of Part III of the book, which Moriarty contrasts with
"modern" engineering in Part I and "pre-modern" engineering in Part
II.
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