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CHAPTER III. COLONISATION BY OTHER METHODS Very often, plants are
enabled to occupy new ground through some special method of growth,
or by means of some specialised part (not fruit or seed) which has
been developed for the purpose. Sometimes the whole plant is
carried to a new place, to which it is either blown by the wind, or
floated upon the water. Among plants so transported may be
mentioned Manna (Lecanora desertoruui), and other lichens of the
Syrian desert, which, in dry weather, are blown over considerable
areas, and sometimes heaped up in great quantities. Of other
plants, perhaps the best known is the so-called Rose of Jericho
(Anastatica Hierochuntica). When dry, the whole plant curls into a
sort of spherical ball; then it is said to be torn out and carried
away by the wind, but if it should reach a moist place, or be
placed in water, the withered-looking branches uncoil, and the
plant takes root and produces flowers and fruit. There are quite a
number of water plants which, throughout their lives, remain
unattached, floating freely, and carried about in the water. The
small Lemna, for instance, which has tiny green fronds flattened
out in a leaf-like manner, floats on the water and obtains all
necessary salts by means of longabsorbing roots. The Bladderwort
(Utricularia), the Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae), Salvinia,
Azolla, and the Florida Hyacinth are all similarly independent, and
are never attached to the ground. They arc easily carried about by
the current; and sometimes show an extraordinarily quick rate of
multiplication. For example the Florida Hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes), a native of tropical South America, was introduced into
the St. John's river about 1890. In 1897 it had increased to such
an extent that large steamers were rendered helpl...
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