The Assyriologist George Smith (1840-76) was trained originally as
an engraver, but was enthralled by the discoveries of Layard and
Rawlinson. He taught himself cuneiform script, and joined the
British Museum as a 'repairer' or matcher of broken cuneiform
tablets. Promotion followed, and after one of Smith's most
significant discoveries among the material sent to the Museum - a
Babylonian story of a great flood - he was sent to the Middle East,
where he found more inscriptions which contained other parts of the
epic tale of Gilgamesh. In this 1875 work, a bestseller in its day,
Smith describes his expedition, the difficulties encountered, and
the discoveries, including hundreds of inscriptions which increased
knowledge of the Babylonian and Assyrian civilisations but also had
a profound effect on traditional biblical studies. Smith died in
Aleppo in 1876, having revolutionised understanding of the ancient
Near East.
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