As the troubled 20th century nears its end, democracy and
competitive political parties are receiving renewed attention.
Bridging analysis of political parties and political philosophy,
""Passions and Interests"" presents eight conceptual models of
political parties with particular relevance to American democracy.
Gerald Pomper asks three questions: what meanings are attributed to
parties; empirically, to what extent do American parties fit these
concepts; and, how well do these different models serve democratic
interests? The analysis encompasses a broad range of individuals,
including party theorists from Michels to Downs, practitioners such
as Martin Van Buren and Woodrow Wilson, and political philosophers
from Burke to Lenin. Beginning with Madison's definition, Pomper
views parties as varying combinations of passions and interests. He
examines, both empirically and normatively, models of party as
bureaucratic organisation, governing caucus, cause advocate,
ideological community, social movement, urban machine, rational
office-seeking team, and personal faction. In further explorations,
he analyses these party models in the light of the historical
record and empirical data on American voting behaviour, then
compares them to proposals for party reform in the United States.
In conclusion, Pomper evaluates the contributions of US political
parties to democratic values and presents a suggested program to
strengthen the parties as institutions on American democracy. ""The
growth of political parties and the extension of democracy proceed
along parallel tracks"", Pomper contends. ""Competitive political
parties facilitate, although they do not guarantee, a considerable
measure of popular involvement, control, and policy determination.
Without them, government is more likely to evidence
authoritarianism, violence, and repression"".
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