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Books > Business & Economics > Economics > Development economics
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Localizing Development - Does Participation Work? (Paperback, New)
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Localizing Development - Does Participation Work? (Paperback, New)
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The Policy Research Report Localizing Development: Does
Participation Work? brings analytical rigor to a field that has
been the subject of intense debate and advocacy, and billions of
dollars in development aid. It briefly reviews the history of
participatory development and argues that its two modalities,
community-based development and local decentralization, should be
treated under the broader unifying umbrella of local development.
It suggests that a distinction between organic participation
(endogenous efforts by civic activists to bring about change) and
induced participation (large-scale efforts to engineer
participation at the local level via projects) is key, and focuses
on the challenges of inducing participation. The report provides a
conceptual framework for thinking about participatory development
and then uses this framework to conduct a comprehensive review of
the literature. The framework develops the concept of "civil
society failure" and explains its interaction with government and
market failures. It argues that participatory development, which is
often viewed as a mechanism for bypassing market and government
failures by "harnessing" civic capacity, ought to be seen instead
as a mechanism that, if done right, could help to repair important
civil society failures. It distills literature from anthropology,
economics, sociology, and political science to outline the
challenges for effective policy in this area, looking at issues
such as the uncertainty of trajectories of change, the importance
of context, the role of elite capture and control, the challenge of
collective action, and the role of the state. The review of the
evidence looks at a variety of issues: the impact of participatory
projects on inclusion, civic capacity, and social cohesion; on key
development outcomes, such as income, poverty, and inequality; on
public service delivery; and on the quality of local public goods.
It draws on the evidence to suggest several recommendations for
policy, emphasizing the key role of learning-by-doing. It then
reviews participatory projects funded by the World Bank and finds
the majority lacking in several arenas - particularly in paying
attention to context and in creating effective monitoring and
evaluation systems that allow for learning.
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