Optical fibre-based devices (e.g. fibre gratings) play an important
role in the optical communications and sensing industry. One type
of fibre grating, the long-period grating (LPG), is becoming more
and more popular as a simple and versatile component for a number
of applications in optical engineering. Long period grating is
obtained by introducing a periodic refractive index modulation in
the core of an optical fibre. The phase matching condition causes
light to couple from core mode to forward propagating cladding
mode. These cladding modes attenuate rapidly on propagation and
thus resulting in distinct resonance bands in transmission
spectrum. The sensitivity of LPGs to various external perturbations
and their ability to manipulate selectively light propagating in
optical fibres make them well-suited to creating fibre-based
devices. LPGs can be used in various applications, for example as
gain equalisers for erbium-doped fibre amplifiers, as channel
routers in optical add-drop multiplexers and as sensors. LPGs are
typically fabricated by exposing photosensitive optical fibre to
ultraviolet light.
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