Why has the Egyptian state, which is more repressive and
authoritarian than its Mexican counterpart, been unable to overcome
the opposition of a labor movement that is smaller, less organized,
and more repressed than the Mexican labor movement? Through
agitation or the threat of agitation, Egyptian workers have been
able to hinder the reform process, while the Mexican labor
movement, which is larger and better organized, was unable to
resist privatization. The Egyptian state's low capacity and
isolation is best understood by looking at the founding moment - or
incorporation period - of each regime. The critical distinction
between Mexican and Egyptian incorporation is that in Egypt, the
labor movement was depoliticized and attached to the state
bureaucracy, while in Mexico, workers were electorally mobilized
into a political party. This difference would prove crucial during
the reform process because social control in Mexico, exercised
through the PRI, was more effective in coopting opponents and
mobilizing urban constituencies for privatization than the control
mechanisms of the Egyptian state bureaucracy.
General
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