The transition from military rule to democracy Unlike most other
emerging South American democracies, Venezuela has not succumbed to
a successful military coup d'etat during four decades of democratic
rule. What drives armed forces to follow the orders of elected
leaders? And how do emerging democracies gain that control over
their military establishments? Harold Trinkunas answers these
questions in an examination of Venezuela's transition to democracy
following military rule and its attempts to institutionalize
civilian control of the military over the past sixty years, a
period that included three regime changes. Trinkunas first focuses
on the strategic choices democratizers make about the military and
how these affect the internal civil-military balance of power in a
new regime. He then analyzes a regime's capacity to
institutionalize civilian control, looking specifically at
Venezuela's failures and successes in this arena during three
periods of intense change: the October revolution (1945-48), the
Pact of Punto Fijo period (1958-98), and the Fifth Republic under
President Hugo Chavez (1998 to the present). Placing Venezuela in
comparative perspective with Argentina, Chile, and Spain, Trinkunas
identifies the bureaucratic mechanisms democracies need in order to
sustain civilian authority over the armed forces.
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