When Abraham Lincoln helped create the Republican Party on the eve
of the Civil War, his goal was to promote economic opportunity for
all Americans, not just the slaveholding Southern planters who
steered national politics. Yet, despite the egalitarian dream at
the heart of its founding, the Republican Party quickly became
mired in a fundamental identity crisis. Would it be the party of
democratic ideals? Or would it be the party of moneyed interests?
In the century and a half since, Republicans have vacillated
between these two poles, with dire economic, political, and moral
repercussions for the entire nation. In To Make Men Free,
celebrated historian Heather Cox Richardson traces the shifting
ideology of the Grand Old Party from the antebellum era to the
present, revealing the insidious cycle of boom and bust that has
characterized the Party since its inception. While in office,
progressive Republicans like Teddy Roosevelt and Dwight Eisenhower
revived Lincoln's vision of economic freedom and expanded the
government, attacking the concentration of wealth and nurturing
upward mobility. But they and others like them have been
continually thwarted by powerful business interests in the Party.
Their opponents appealed to Americans' latent racism and xenophobia
to regain political power, linking taxation and regulation to
redistribution and socialism. The results of the Party's wholesale
embrace of big business are all too familiar: financial collapses
like the Panic of 1893, the Great Depression in 1929, and the Great
Recession in 2008. With each passing decade, with each missed
opportunity and political misstep, the schism within the Republican
Party has grown wider, pulling the GOP ever further from its
founding principles. Now with a new epilogue that reflects on the
Trump era and what comes after it, To Make Men Free is a sweeping
history of the Party that was once considered America's greatest
political hope, but now lies in disarray.
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