This photographic guide will assist scientists working with
archaeological plant or insect remains in the identification of
calcium-phosphate replaced biological remains. Diagnostic criteria
and images are presented for the most commonly occurring taxa found
as mineralised remains in cesspits, drains and middens, dating from
the prehistoric to post-medieval periods . Phosphatic
mineralisation primarily preserves soft tissues and often results
in the loss of diagnostic features typically seen in other types of
preservation, particularly of the thickened, protective outer
layers (pericarps and seed coats) of fruits and seeds. For insect
remains this type of preservation primarily favours fly (Diptera)
pupae and puparia. High quality photographic images are presented,
for the most part using mineralised archaeological material. High
magnification images of specific structures and cell layers
(magnifications of up to x160) are included where appropriate.
Variations of potential preservation are illustrated where
possible. Identification criteria for each taxon is highlighted,
along with examples of archaeological sites which yielded
mineralised material, information on modern ecology and
interpretative value of each taxon.
General
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