Before the Second World War, few universities in the United
States had earned high respect among the international community of
scholars and scientists. Since 1945, however, the distinctive
attributes of American higher education--decentralized
administration, pluralistic and research-minded faculties, and
intense competition for government funding--have become world
standard. Whether measured by Nobel and other prizes, international
applications for student admissions and faculty appointments, or
the results of academic surveys, America's top research
universities are the best in the world.
"The Rise of American Research Universities" provides a fresh
historical interpretation of their ascendancy and a fresh,
comprehensive estimate of their scholarly achievement. Hugh Davis
Graham and Nancy Diamond question traditional methods of rating the
reputation and performance of universities; they offer instead an
empirical analysis of faculty productivity based on research grants
received, published research, and peer approval of that work.
Comparing the research achievements of faculty at more than 200
institutions, they differ with most studies of higher education in
measuring performance in every academic field--from medicine to
humanities--and in analyzing data on research activity in terms of
institutional size.
In this important and timely work, Graham and Diamond reassess
the success of American universities as research institutions and
the role of public funding in their developmentfrom the
expansionist "golden years" of the 1950s and '60s, through the
austerity measures of the 1970s and the entrepreneurial ethos of
the 1980s, to the budget crises universities face in the 1990s.
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