Malaria is an infectious disease common to several parts of the
world, including Africa, northern South America, and Asia. During
their service in the military, U.S. active members may be sent to
any part of the world, including parts of the world where Malaria
is an issue. In Liberia in 2003, for example, there was a 28
percent attack rate in Marines who spent a short time ashore, and
half of the 80 Marines affected needed to be evacuated to Germany.
This was not only costly to the U.S. military but dangerous as
well. To fight against this disease, there exists a Malaria Vaccine
program in the U.S. military. However, there exists a variety of
potential vaccine targets for the most severe and important form of
malaria; malaria from the species Plasmodium falciparum. Issues
also arise with the fact that there are three possible stages to
create vaccines against-preerythrocytic, blood, or transmission.
The Department of Defense (DoD), through the commanding general of
the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC),
requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) conduct a
programmatic review of the military Plasmodium falciparum malaria
vaccine research and development program. There was to be a focus
on vaccine against the preerythrocytic and blood stages. The IOM
formed a committee of 11 experts with collective expertise in
malaria vaccine research, parasite immunology, malarial biology,
clinical trials and regulatory affairs, industrial and
public-sector vaccine development, biologic products research and
development (vaccinology), military research and development
programs, tropical medicine, and public health. The committee
focused different tasks including determining whether the DoD
malaria vaccine research and development program is scientifically
sound and able to achieve the vaccine program objectives within
specified timelines, recommending how to overcome significant,
identified barriers, and identifying major strategic goals and
timelines based on the material received and presentations made by
the DoD's program representatives. Battling Malaria: Strengthening
the U.S. Military Malaria Vaccine Program presents the committee's
findings, current malaria vaccines, and recommendations for the
development of the U.S. Military vaccine research. Table of
Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Malaria Threat
and Need for a Vaccine 3 Malaria Vaccines 4 The U.S. Military
Malaria Vaccine Research and Development Program--Scientific
Aspects 5 Organization and Management of the Program References
Appendix A Vaccine Trials Appendix B Current Requirements for a
Malaria Vaccine Appendix C Suggested Design of Trials for Testing
Malaria Vaccines in Nonimmune Adults Visiting Endemic Areas
Appendix D Patents Appendix E Scientific Advisory Board for DoD
Malaria Vaccine Research and Development Program (Draft Charter)
Appendix F Recommendations of the IOM Report Protecting Our Forces
Appendix G Executive Summary and Recommendations of the DoD Report
Acquisition of Vaccine Production Appendix H Open Meeting Agenda
Appendix I Committee and Staff Biographies
General
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