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Chromium, Nickel and Welding - IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (Paperback)
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Chromium, Nickel and Welding - IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans (Paperback)
Series: IARC Monographs, v. 49
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Summary Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by
industrial exposure to chromium and its compounds, nickel and its
compounds, and welding fumes and gases. Occupational exposures,
principally by inhalation, are noted to affect about three million
workers worldwide. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates
the carcinogenicity of chromium and its compounds. The monograph is
divided into subsections based on the oxidation state and
solubility of the compounds, with separate evaluations made for
metallic chromium, chromi-um[III] compounds, chromium [VI]
compounds, and for a fourth group of tested agents that were of
mixed or unknown oxidation states. The most extensive sections
evaluate the design and findings of over 500 investigations of
carcinogenicity in animals and experimental systems, studies of
metabolic fate in animals and humans, and case reports and
epidemiological studies in human populations. On the basis of this
evaluation, the monograph concludes that chromium[VI] is
carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenicity of chromium[III] and of
metallic chromium could not be determined on the basis of available
evidence.The second monograph presents similar information for
metallic nickel and nickel alloys, nickel oxides and hydroxides,
nickel sulfides, nickel salts, and other nickel compounds. Nickel
carbonyl is identified as the most acutely toxic nickel compound,
causing severe damage to the respiratory system in experimental
animals and in humans. The evaluation concludes that nickel
compounds are carcinogenic to humans and that metallic nickel is
possibly carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the
carcinogenic risk posed by exposure to welding gases and fumes. On
the basis of evidence from human and animal studies, welding fumes
are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.
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