During the "Orange Revolution" in Ukraine, the second largest
country in Europe came close to a violent break-up similar to that
in neighboring Moldova, which witnessed a violent secession of the
Transdniestria region. Numerous elections, including the hotly
contested 2004 presidential elections in Ukraine, and surveys of
public opinion showed significant regional divisions in these
post-Soviet countries. Western parts of Ukraine and Moldova, as
well as the Muslim Crimean Tatars, were vocal supporters of
independence, nationalist, and pro-Western parties and politicians.
In contrast, Eastern regions, as well as the Orthodox
Turkic-speaking Gagauz, consistently expressed pro-Russian and
pro-Communist political orientations. Which factors -- historical
legacies, religion, economy, ethnicity, or political leadership --
could explain these divisions? Why was Ukraine able to avoid a
violent break-up, in contrast to Moldova? This is the first book to
offer a systematic and comparative analysis of the regional
political divisions in post-Soviet Ukraine and Moldova. The study
examines voting behavior and political attitudes in two groups of
regions: those which were under Russian, Ottoman, and Soviet rule;
and those which were under Austro-Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, and
Czechoslovak rule until World War I or World War II. This book
attributes the regional political divisions to the differences in
historical experience. This study helps us to better understand
regional cleavages and conflicts, not only in Ukraine and Moldova,
but also in other cleft countries.
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