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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Ethics & moral philosophy
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Moral Aggregation (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R2,310
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Moral Aggregation (Hardcover)
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Some ethical theories tolerate or require aggregation -- a
trade-off between benefits to a group of individuals and losses to
another group of individuals. Since aggregation is an essential
feature of utilitarianism, many critics of utilitarianism --
including John Rawls, Thomas Nagel, T. M. Scanlon, and others --
rule out aggregation from their proposed theories. However, critics
encounter what has become known as the number problem-the problem
that non-aggregative theories are insensitive to the number of
people affected by actions even in the cases where the number of
people is clearly relevant to what we ought to do.
In this book, Iwao Hirose elucidates the theoretical nature of
interpersonal and intra-personal aggregation and defends a form of
aggregation, formal aggregation, as distinguished from substantive
aggregation in utilitarianism. Substantive aggregation combines the
morally relevant factors that are determined prior to, and
independently of, aggregative process, and identifies the goal to
be pursued. In contrast, formal aggregation represents the overall
ethical judgment in terms of individuals' morally relevant factors
and gives a structure to our ethical thinking.
Hirose's view of formal aggregation is broader than substantive
aggregation and avoids problems for utilitarianism. Furthermore,
formal aggregation can satisfy the demands of critics of the
conventional understanding of aggregation, thus being more
attractive than substantive aggregation and the unqualified
rejection of aggregation. Hirose's analysis thus elucidates the
far-reaching scope of aggregation and offers a new insight to one
of the fundamental elements in ethical theory.
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