This text focuses on the techniques used to assess the
bioavailability and bioaccessibility of metals and persistent
organic pollutants in environmental samples. The opening chapter
considers the link between human health and contaminated land.
Then, the different sample preparation techniques applied to solid
and liquid samples for elemental analysis are discussed - in
particular, the need to destroy the matrix by heat and/or acid(s)
for solid samples whereas in the case of liquids the emphasis is on
pre-concentration and/or separation of metals from solution. The
book continues to evaluate the different sample preparation
techniques applied to solid and liquid sample preparation technique
applied for single and sequential extraction of metals from soils
and sediments. Chapter 5 evaluates the different sample preparation
techniques for non-exhaustive extraction (Cyclodextrin,
Supercritical-fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction,
solid-phase microextraction and membrane separations) of persistent
organic pollutants from soils and sediments. In addition, a
mathematical approach to predict weak and strong solvents, based on
the Hildebrand solubility parameter, is proposed. In chapter 6, the
different techniques for assessing the oral bioaccessiblity of
metals and persistent organic pollutants from solid environmental
samples are considered. The penultimate chapter presents four case
studies taken from the author's own laboratory, as follows: The
first of these considers the uptake of metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and
Zn) by plants grown in compost under green house conditions. The
second considers teh oral bioaccessibility of metals (Cd, Cu, Mn,
Pb, and Zn) from plants grown oncontaminated compost using an in
vitro gastrointestinal extraction approach. Case study three
discusses the uptake of persistent organic pollutants
(x-endosulfan, -endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate) by lettuce
plants grown in compost. Finally, case study four looks at the oral
bioaccessibility of persistent organic pollutants by lettuce plants
grown in compost using an in vitro gastrointestinal extraction
approach.
This book also contains a useful collection of data sheets that
could be used to record laboratory information a the time of
carrying out the experiments, plus a guide to selected
resources.
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